62d Congress \ Q17Nr A m-p / Document 

Sd Session } SENATE j No> 663 



FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY 



OF THE 






BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG 



i 
J 

I 



May 11, 1912.— Referred to the Committee on the Fiftieth Anniversary 

of the Battle of Gettysburg and ordered to be printed, 

with accompanying illustrations 



WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1912 



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62d Congress, ) SENATE. j Document 

<> U Session. j \ No. 663. 



FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BATTLE OF GETTYS- 
BURG. 



LETTER 



FROM 



THE SECRETARY OF WAR, 

TRANSMITTING, 

IN RESPONSE TO SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION OP APRIL 
3, 1912, INFORMATION RELATIVE TO THE OBSERVANCE OF THE 
FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 



May 11, 1912. — Referred to the Committee on the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle 
of Gettysburg and ordered to be printed, with accompanying illustrations. 



War Department, 

Washington, May 10, 1912. 

Sir: Senate concurrent resolution 19, Sixty- second Congress, 
second session, provides that preliminary to such legislation by Con- 
gress as may be necessary to enable the Government of the United 
States to be properly represented on the occasion of the observance 
of the fiftieth anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, the Secretary 
of War is authorized and directed to confer with the Fiftieth Anni- 
versary of the Battle of Gettysburg Commission of the State of 
Pennsylvania, and, 

First. To cause to be made such surveys, measurements, and 
estimates as will be necessary in regard to providing for a sufficient 
supply of good water for the use of the honorably discharged veterans 
of the Civil War who shall attend the celebration. 

Second. To investigate as to the necessary and proper provision 
required to be made for sewerage, sanitation, hospital, and policing 
during such celebration. 

Third. To estimate upon the tents, camp equipment, supplies, and 
rations that in his judgment will be necessary to properly accommo- 
date and provide for the honorably discharged veterans of the Civil 
War who shall attend such commemoration, and to estimate what 



2 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 

provision will be necessary to be made for local transportation and 
care of the honorably discharged veterans of the Civil War who may 
or probably will participate in such celebration, and to give an esti- 
mate of the cost, separately stated, of the several provisions necessary 
to be made. 

Fourth. To estimate the quantity of camp equipment, such as 
tents, bedding, and cooking outfits, necessary to accommodate the 
honorably discharged veterans of the Civil War attending, together 
with the cost per unit of a suitable ration to be issued, and as to the 
best method of providing and issuing such rations * * *. 

Fifth. To prepare a plan of camp arrangement suitable to the 
occasion. 

In accordance with these directions the department has conferred 
with the commission aforesaid and has caused to be prepared plans, 
surveys, and estimates covering the several features required to be 
investigated. These data are embodied in the reports of the Quar- 
termaster General and Commissary General, which I have the honor 
to transmit herewith for the information of Congress. 

These estimates, which are based upon an attendance of 40,000 
persons for a period of four days, are as follows: 

Quartermaster's Department $246, 492. 97 

Subsistence Department 112, 169. 87 

Total 358, 662. 84 

Very respectfully, 

Henry L. Stimson, 

Secretary of War. 
The President United States Senate. 



War Department, 
Office of the Commissary General, 

Washington, May 10, 1912. 
The Assistant Secretary of War. 

Sir: I have the honor to make the folio whig report in compliance 
with request contained in your indorsement of April 16, 1912, rela- 
tive to the messing arrangements for the 40,000 veterans to be 
encamped at Gettysburg, Pa., during the celebration of the fiftieth 
anniversary of the battle of Gettysburg, July, 1913. The messing 
of this number of veterans will require: Four hundred army ranges, 
No. 1, complete; 1 field bakery complete; 40,000 mess kits, each 
consisting of the following articles: 1 enameled plate, 1 tincup, 1 
knife, 1 fork, 1 tablespoon, 1 teaspoon. 

Personnel: One chief commissary, 4 assistants to the chief com- 
unwary, 10 commissary sergeants, 4 clerks, 800 cooks, 800 kitchen 
police or helpers, L30 bakers. 

The personnel will be required in camp for at least seven days; 
some oi them for a longer period, for the purpose of installing field 
bakery and field ranges and in dismantling, cleaning, packing, and 
storing -nine after the encampment is over. 

The mess kits, after using, could be thrown away, or the veterans 
could retain them if desired, they being of no value after having been 
used. 



FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 6 

Fresh meat could be supplied directly from refrigerator cars, and 
such special bread as required could be shipped from Gettysburg; 
the ordinary garrison or field bread would be furnished from the 
field bakery. 

It is estimated that the cost of the ration would be about 30 cents. 
The estimated cost for meals for four days for the veterans and seven 
days for the cooks, bakers, etc., will be approximately as follows: 

40,000 veterans for 4 days, at 30 cents per day $48, 000. 00 

800 cooks for 7 days, at 30 cents per day 1, 680. 00 

800 helpers for 7 days, at 30 cents per day 1, 680. 00 

130 bakers for 7 days, at 30 cents per day. 273. 00 

Total 51, 633. 00 

Wages: 

800 cooks, at $3 per day, for 7 days 16, 800. 00 

800 helpers, at $1.50 per day, for 7 days 8, 400. 00 

130 bakers, at $3 per day, for 7 days 2, 730. 00 

Total .- 27, 930. 00 

Cost of mess kits for 40,000 veterans, at 25 cents each 10, 000. 00 

Total cost of food supplies, incidental expenses, etc 51, 633. 00 

Wages 27, 930. 00 

10 per cent charged off for wear and tear on 1 field bakery and 400 Army 

ranges, with necessary equipment, this amount to be transferred to the 

appropriation for the subsistence of the Army: 

1 field bakery, at $5,340.71-10 per cent 534. 07 

400 Army ranges, at $27.12 each=$10,848-»-10 per cent 1, 084. 80 

Railroad transportation to and from Gettysburg, approximately $12 per 

man for 1,749 men 20, 988. 00 

Total estimated cost 112, 169. 87 

Very respectfully, 

Henry G. Sharpe, 

Commissary General. 



War Department, 
Office of the Quartermaster General, 

Washington, May 9, 1912. 
The Secretary of War, 

Washington, D. C. 
Sir: I have the honor to inform you that, in compliance with 
instructions contained in your indorsement dated April 16, 1912, to 
investigate, report upon, and prepare an estimate of cost for such 
features of the proposed celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of 
the battle of Gettysburg, referred to in Senate concurrent resolu- 
tion 19, Union Calendar 137, Sixty-second Congress, second session, 
as pertains to the Quartermaster's Department, an officer and an 
engineer of this office were sent to Gettysburg, Pa., on the morning 
of April 22, 1912, for consultation with the chairman of the Gettys- 
burg National Park Commission, for making surveys, and for collect- 
ing the necessary data in connection therewith. The instructions 
contained in said indorsement also provide that the estimate is to 
be based upon an attendance of 40,000 persons, and that in the 
preparation of the plans no portion of the camp shall be placed 
within the confines of the park. 



4 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 

In compliance therewith, and based upon the information and data 
thus obtained, the following report and estimate of cost are sub- 
mitted. 

Herewith is a map marked "A," showing the entire battle field, 
and on which has been indicated in red all Government lands within 
the confines of the park rented out for cultivation, in green all Gov- 
ernment lands within the confines of the park not rented out, and in 
yellow the private lands most conveniently located and which it is 
believed can he rented for the occasion. 

CAMP SITES. 

A sufficient number of contiguous tracts of private land suitable 
for a cam]) of this size and conveniently located with reference to 
the water supply, railroad facilities, means of local transportation, 
and principal points of interest on the battle field could not be found. 

The two areas shown in yellow on map "A" and which, for con- 
venience of reference, have been designated "Camp Site Xo. 1" and 
•ramp Site Xo. 2," respectively, are, it is believed, sufficient in 
size and admirably located for the purpose intended. These two 
Bites have been carefully surveyed and maps thereof prepared on a 
scale of 100 feet to the inch, showing tentative camp layouts, as 
shown by illustrations marked "B" and U C." 

The layouts of these camps are based on the use of conical or 
pyramidal tents, either of which will, without crowding, accommodate 
8 persons. The total number ${ either of such tents that will be 

required to accommodate 40,000 persons will therefore be — '— — 'or 

8 

5,000. In addition to this, it will be necessary to furnish sleeping 
tents for the cooks and others who will constantly have to be on the 
ground, and for this purpose 300 were included, making the total 
5,300, of which approximately 4,200 will be in Camp Xo. 1 and 
approximately 1 ,100 in ('amp Xo. 2. 

The acreage of the camp sites is as follows: 

Acres. 

I lamp No. 1. including site for field bakery 149 

< ';iiiij» No. 2 44. 5 

Total 193. 5 

In order to allow sufficient time to properly prepare such a camp, 
Btrike it after the celebration, replace the fences, and put the grounds 
back in the same condition that they were received, the properties 
would have to be rented from at least April 1, 1913, to July 20, 1913, 
s1 an average coal of about -Sic, per acre, or a total of $3,096. 

Access to Buch portions of the tracts where the wells are to be sunk 
will have to be had this fall and arrangements will have to be made 
with the owners of all the lands to be occupied so that they will not 
B them under cultivation. This will probably involve an addi- 
tional expenditure of $1 ,935. 

At the time the survey was made about half of the lands included 
in the proposed camp sites were under cultivation. 

Ha n«l material that will be required to remove fences and 

be grounds for the camps and to replace the fences and put 
jrounds back in the Bame condition thai they were before the 
celebratioi mated al $3,200. 

" Total for rental and preparation of cam]) sites, $8,231. 




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FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 5 

WATER SUPPLY. 

The water supply of the town of Gettysburg is furnished by the 
Gettysburg Water Co.. a private corporation. The normal capacity 
of the present pumping plant of this company is only approximately 
500.000 gallons per day, but the plant is now being remodeled and 
enlarged and when completed will have double that capacity, or 
about 1,000,000 gallons per day. In addition to the new pumping 
machinery, the company is also installing a good nitration plant that 
will have the same capacity as the new pumps. 

The plant, as well as the plans and specifications for the improve- 
ments, were all carefully examined into and the question of the amount 
of water that would be required to supply the town during the four 
days of the celebration and the amount that would probably be 
available to supply the proposed camps was fully discussed with the 
representatives of the water company. Since the force main from 
the pumping plant to the reservoirs is only an 8-inch pipe that has 
been in use for many years, its carrying capacity will not far exceed 
1,000,000 gallons per day. even though the pumps are strained 
beyond their normal capacity. 

It is estimated that during the period of the celebration when the 
hotels, boarding houses, and private houses are crowded to their full 
capacity, as they have been in the past on similar occasions of this 
kind on a much smaller scale, the average daily consumption of the 
town will reach 600,000 gallons and that it would not be safe to rely 
upon much more than 400,000 gallons per day to be obtained from 
the water company's mains. And even this amount would not be 
obtained unless auxiliary pumps and storage tanks are included in 
the water systems of the two camps. In the opinion of this office the 
water supply for the camps should not be less than 15 gallons per 
capita per day, or a total of 40,000 X 15, or 600,000 gallons per day. 
Of this amount, as stated above, it is believed that not over 400,000 
gaUons per day may be expected from the mains of the water com- 
pany; the other 200,000 gallons per day will therefore have to be 
obtained by sinking at least four 8-inch tubular wells, since there 
is no other source of supply within a reasonable distance to draw 
from. 

As it is very likely to take anywhere from two to four months to 
sink wells that will yield such a supply, and in order to afford suffi- 
cient time to make the necessary bacteriological and chemical tests 
of the water to determine whether or not it is potable, it would seem 
most advisable that the sinking of these wells should be undertaken 
not later than this fall. 

Judging from the reported depths of the tubular wells that have 
been sunk in and around Gettysburg, it is very probable that water 
would be encountered at a depth of from 2(30 to 500 feet below the 
surface. 

The following is an estimate of cost of the material and labor 
that will be required to properly supply these camps with water 
during the four clays of the celebration: 

Water supply for camp No. 1: 

3 tanks and trestles $6, 000. 00 

3 8-inch tubular wells, approximately 500 feet deep, with pumps, 

engines, and shelter 14, 000. 00 

1 pump and engine and shelter for pumping from city system 700. 00 

Distributing system in camp. 12, 338. 50 



6 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 

Water supply for camp No. 2: 

1 tank and trestle $2, 000. 00 

1 8-inch tubular well, approximately 500 feet deep, with pump and 

engine 4, 600. 00 

1 pump, engine, and shelter for pumping from city water system 700. 00 

Distributing system in camp 2, 843. 50 

2,400,000 gallons water, estimated amount to be purchased from mains 

of Gettysburg Water Co., at 12 cents per 1,000 gallons 288.. 00 

Cost of operation and maintenance of water systems in both camps: 

15 men for 6 days, at $4 each 360. 00 

300 gallons of gasoline, at 20 cents per gallon 60. 00 

Oil, waste, etc 30. 00 

(6) Total cost of water supply 43, 920. 00 

LOCAL TRANSPORTATION. 

The streets of Gettysburg are so few in number and so narrow that 
if only 40,000 persons visit the town during the four days' celebra- 
tion it will require the most careful and stringent street traffic regu- 
lations for vehicles of all kinds in order to avoid a hopeless congestion 
extending over the entire period of the celebration. 

The parked portion of the battle field, where the majority of the 
visitors will naturally concentrate, being without walks and provided 
with roads of only the average width, which are generally fenced on 
both sides, vehicles of all kinds will, it is thought, have to be kept 
entirely off the majority of the park roads in order to make room for 
the large number of pedestrians that will be constantly moving from 
point to point on. the battle field. 

In view of these facts it is thought that it would be not only imprac- 
ticable and unsatisfactory, but unsafe to utilize automobiles, carriages, 
and wagons as a means of local transportation. 

Gettysburg has a , single-track electric street-Car system, which, 
however, in its present state is considered wholly inadequate as to 
power, trackage, and number of cars, but it is estimated that, by an 
expenditure of approximately $25,000 on the part of the company, its 
present facilities can be temporarily and efficiently increased for the 
occasion so as to answer practically all the requirements of local 
transportation. 

This matter has been carefully looked into and fully discussed with 
the local manager of the company. 

By reference to the map marked "A" it will be seen that a track of 
the Gettysburg & Harrisburg Railroad (controlled by the Reading Kail- 
way) marked "C-B-A" extends south from Gettysburg along the west 
side of the principal camp (No. 1) into the battle grounds to the point 
"A" on Little Round Top, and that the electric street-car line extends 
from the point U D ,; on Little Round Top in a general westerly direc- 
tion to the point "E" f>n the Emmitsburg Road, thence in a north- 
easterly direction, crossing the track of the Gettysburg & Harrisburg 
Railroad above referred to at the point "B," to the point "F," from 
where it, forms a belt line around the national cemetery, down Balti- 
more St n el across Main Street, and up Washington Street, passing 
along the east side of the principal camp (No. 1). 

These tracks of the railroad company and of the electric street-car 
system are of t lie same gauge, hut while the railroad company can not 
operate over the tracks of the street ear system because of the steep 



FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 1 

grades and sharp curves, the electric cars can and actually have at one 
time, it is understood, operated over the railroad tracks in question. 

Therefore by connecting these two systems of tracks temporarily 
between the points " A-D' ; and points "C-H" and doubling the track 
between the points 'B-F*' two single-track belt lines would be 
formed, one, the larger, extending through the town, along two sides 
of camp No. 1, into the battle field and in close proximity to many of 
the important points of interest; the other extending through the 
town along one side of the camp and around the national cemetery. 

To use this combined system of tracks to the best advantage, the 
cars would of course have to be operated around the two loops. Up 
to the morning of July 1 the track from "C" to "B" would be used 
by the railroad company for detraining passengers, the electric car 
line in the meantime operating over the tracks forming the belt 
' ' H-B-E-D-A-B-F-G-H . ' ' 

On the morning of July 1 and during the entire four days of the 
celebration the track "C-B ,? would be turned over for use of the 
street car line, and during this time the company should operate not 
less than 20 large electric cars on the loop "H-C-B-A-D-E-B-H" 
and not less than 4 cars on loop "H-G-F-H." 

After a designated hour on July 4 the track U B-C" would again 
be used by the railroad company for entraining passengers and the 
street cars again operate on belt " H-B-E-D-A-B-F-G-H." 

The corporation controlling the Gettysburg street-car system is, it 
is understood, closely allied with other corporations operating larger 
electric-car systems in near-by cities and would, it is thought, be will- 
ing to make such arrangements. They could undoubtedly rent addi- 
tional generators, cars, feed, wire and such other portions of the neces- 
sary equipment as would not be materially damaged by its temporary 
use. The poles, trolley wire, tie wire, etc., necessary to electrify the 
tracks of the Gettysburg & Harrisburg Railroad would probably have 
to be purchased outright and a certain portion thereof would naturally 
be a total loss. They would have to rent the tracks " A-B-C" of the 
Gettysburg & Harrisburg Railroad, and the necessary additional oper- 
ating force would undoubtedly have to be brought in from Harrisburg 
and other near-by cities. All this, it is roughly estimated, would put the 
street-car company to an expense of approximately $25,000, but it is 
thought that if the commission were to guarantee that if the gross 
receipts of the company during the period from June 29 to July 6 fell 
below a certain amount it would pay the company the difference, the 
company could be induced to make the above arrangements. But 
such a guaranty, it is thought, should be made only with the distinct 
understanding that the street-car company would during that period 
and for not less than 16 hours daily operate at least 20 large-size elec- 
tric cars with a two-minute headway over the main belt line of the 
combined system. 

Twenty large-size electric cars thus operated and at their maximum, 
but safe, carrying capacity will, it is roughly estimated, transport 
approximately 30x16X100, or 48,000 persons, per day over the 
entire system. This, based on a 20-cent round trip fare, would amount 
to $9,600, and, taking into consideration only July 1, 2, 3, and 4, would 
bring the gross receipts of the company up to $38,400. 

It would seem, therefore, that if the weather were at all good it 
would be reasonably certain that the gross receipts of the company 



s 



FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 



during the period of the celebration would far exceed the estimated 
cost to the company for providing the additional facilities. 

It is believed that this arrangement, though not considered entirely 
adequate for the occasion, is, under the existing conditions, the only 
safe solution of the problem of local transportation. 

It is assumed that each visitor will pay his own street-car fare, and 
no expenditures on account of local transportation have, therefore, 
been included in this estimate. 

Tentage and camp equipment. 



Number and kind of tents and purpose for which required. 


Depot from which 
supplied. 


Approxi- 
mate 
weight in 
pounds. 


Money value. 


For sleeping tents: 

5,000 conical or pyramidal, complete, for visitors 

300 conical or pyramidal, complete, for cooks, etc 

For kitchens: 

166 hospital tents, complete 


Philadelphia 

do 

do 


660,000 
39, 600 

27,224 

15,106 

8,036 
2,376 
1,470 

4,100 
370 

1,380 
1,820 


$216,050.00 
12.963.00 

11 286.34 


166 paulins, large, complete 


do... 


5,353.50 


For field hospitals and infirmaries: 


Washington 

do... 


3,331.51 


IS pvramidal tents, complete 


777. 78 


20 wall tents, complete 


do 


576. 00 


For field bakery: 

25 hospital tents, complete 




1.699.75 




do 


144. 00 


For storage and protection of Government property: 


Philadelphia 

do 


595. 14 


20 laree paulins 


645. 00 










761, 4S2 










Total monev value .' 


253.422.02 











(c) Cost of railroad transportation of above tentage from supply depot to Gettysburg 
and return is estimated at $5,957. 



Articles of camp equipment that vn.ll be required. 



Articles. 


Number. 


Supply depot. 


Approxi- 
mate gross 
weight in 
pounds. 


Money 
value'. 


Cost of 

equipment 

not on 

hand. 


Gold medal cots 


i 41, 640 
40,000 
10,000 
11,3.50 
60,000 
5,000 




870, 276 
384,000 
10,000 
44, 265 
10,000 
22,500 
1.566 


$109,096.80 
106,000.00 




Blankets 


do 




Basins, hand, tin 


To be purchased 


$1,800.00 




8,512.50 


Candles, lantern 


To be purchased 


800. 00 


Buckets, galvanized-iron 


1,800.00 
1,2.50.00 




Filters, Darnall, for hospitals and 
infirm;) ries. 


18 


Washington, D. C 








1,342,607 










226,669.30 




(d) Cost of tin basins and 
lantern candles. 








2, 600. 00 













1 Includes 1,640 cots for cooks and helpers in kitchens, who are to furnish their own bedding. 

The above provides for a cot and one blanket for each person, and 
two hand basins, one galvanized-iron water bucket and two lanterns 
for candles for each tent, or every eight men.' Towels, soap and other 
toilet articles to be provided by the visitors themselves. 

(e) Ksiiniated cost of railroad transportation of the above equip- 
ment from supply depots to Gettysburg and return, $9,147.10. 















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663, 62 'J. (To face page 9.) 







FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 9 

Xumber of teams required to haul above tentage and camp equi- 
page from nearest railroad siding, distribute it over the camp site, and 
to collect it after the celebration and haul it back to the railroad 
siding for return shipment. The estimated total weight to be hauled 
is 2.104,089 pounds and, based on 2,200 pounds per average wagon 
load, 9 loads per team per day, and allowing 10 days to complete the 

2 104,089 x2 
hauling both ways, it will require 9 "J,™ ' Q \ rj or 22 teams. 

22 teams at $7 per day, including driver, would cost 22 x 10 x $7, or SI, 540 

For hauling visitors' baggage to and from camps, 80 teams for 4 days at $7. . 2, 240. 00 
Labor and material for construction of 166 frames for kitchen paulins aa per 

illustration marked " F " 2, 490. 00 

To unload tentage and equipage, unpack and place the same on the ground; 

200 laborers for 5 daj^s at $2 per day 2, 000. 00 

To pitch the tents, place the cots, etc. ; 200 laborers for 7 days at $2 per day. 2, 800. 00 

For ditching around tents, 40 laborers for 5 days at $2 per day 400. 00 

To strike the tents and fold them ready for packing; 200 laborers for 5 days 

at $2 per day 2, 000. 00 

To collect and pack the tents, cots, blankets, etc., and load same for return 

shipment; 200 laborers for 6 days at $2 per day 2, 400. 00 

(J) Total for hauling tentage and equipage, pitching and striking 
tents, etc 15, 870. 00 

It is estimated that the weight of the cooking outfits, field bakery, 
rations, etc., furnished by the Subsistence Department and which 
will have to be hauled by the Quartermaster's Department from the 
nearest railroad siding to the various kitchens will approximate the 
following: 

Pounds. 

Gross weight of cooking outfits, including bakery 135, 644 

Gross weight of rations 900, 000 

Assuming that all but 1 per cent of the rations will be consumed there will 

remain to be hauled back to the siding 9, 000 

The cooking outfits and field bakery will also have to be collected and 

hauled back to the railroad sidings for return shipment 135, 644 

Total 1, 180, 288 

Allowing eight days to complete the hauling both ways, 2,200 

pounds per load, and on account of the greater distance that the 

supplies will have to be hauled, seven loads per team per day, it 

.,, . 1,180,288 , +in + 

will require 9 9onY ^ y o ) or about 10 teams. 

10 teams at $7 per day, or 10X8X17 $560. 00 

It will require about 30 laborers, each at $2 per day, to load and unload these 
wagons, which for the 8 days allowed for hauling would amount to 
30X 8 X $2, or 480. 00 

(g) Total for hauling cooking outfits, etc., from railroad sidings to 

camp and return 1. 040. 00 

(h) Estimated cost of railroad transportation of cooking outfits-, field bakery 
and ration to be furnished by Subsistence Department 5, 642. 10 

POLICING. 

Note. — The second provision contained in Senate Concurrent 
Resolution 19 (62d Cong., 2d sess.), calls for, "To investigate as to 
the necessary and proper provisions required to be made for sewerage, 
sanitation, hospital and policing during such celebration.' 7 Since 
the Army can not lawfully be employed for the enforcement of the 



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43392— S. Doc. 6C3, 62-2. (To face page 8 



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5 OS ANNIVERSARY 

OF THE. 

BATTLE: OF GETTYSBURG 

O.M.5.O. MAY,t91Z. 



10 



FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 



law and maintenance of order except in such cases as are specifically 
authorized by acts of legislation, none of winch seem to cover a case 
of this kind, the term "policing" as thus used is understood to mean 
the preservation of the cleanliness of the camp and not a body, of 
soldiers to maintain order. If, however, it was the intention to 
include provisions for an adequate- police force to check disorder 
and control the crowds, it is thought that the Pennsylvania State 
Constabulary should be secured by the commission for this purpose, 
to act under the direction of the local municipality while on such 
duty, or that not less than 200 special peace officers be employed for 
the occasion. 

If special peace officers are to be utilized, it is estimated that they 
can not be employed for such a short period of time for less than $4 
per day per officer. Tins force should be on the ground not later 
than June 29 and remain until July 5. The expenditure involved 
would be 7X200XS4, or (i) $5,600. 

It is estimated that to properly preserve the cleanliness of the two 
proposed camps will require the following : 



Articles. 


Number. 


Depot from which supplied. 


Approxi- 
mate gross 
weight in 
pounds. 


Money 
value. 




40 
(;0 
30 
160 
10 
30 
160 
544 




165 

170 

98 

896 

50 

165 

1,642 

16, 320 


$12. 15 


Brooms, corn 

Rakes 

Shovels 


Philadelphia 

Jeflfersonville 

Philadelpliia 

do 

.....do 

do 


18.60 

10.50 

72.00 

8.10 


Spades 

Picks 


14.70 
60. 80 




979. 20 










19,506 












Total money value 




1, 176. 05 













40 laborers for 7 days, at $2 per day $560. 00 

20 two-horse teams for 7 days for hauling away refuse, etc., including driver, 
at $7 per day 980. 00 



(*) Total. 



1, 540. 00 



(I) Cost of railroad transportation from supply depots to Gettys- 
burg and return, $255. 

From the preceding estimates it will be noted that the total money 
value of the tentage and equipage that will probably be furnished 
by the Quartermaster's Department for temporary use on this 
occasion amounts to approximately $48 1,267. 37. 

Tn view of the fact that this vast amount of Government property 
will, of necessity, have to be widely scattered over practically 200 
acres of ground for a period of. 20 days or more, it is thought most 
advisable that at least 1 hree full companies of regular troops should be 
scot to Gettysburg as a guard over this property while thus exposed. 

Assuming that such a, guard will be sent from some post within a 
radius of not over 250 miles from Gettysburg, the cost of railroad 
transportation, including necessary field equipment to accompany 
the troops wiJl cost approximately (m) $2,668.40. 

The wear and tear to this tentage, etc., including the loss and 
breakage of the .smaller articles of the equipment would, it is esti- 



FIFTIETH ANNIVERSAKY BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 11 

mated, amount to at least 5 per cent of the total money value thereof, 
or (n) $24,063.36 and unless the department is reimbursed for the 
actual damage, loss, and breakage, its appropriation for the support 
of the Army will be just that much short of the actual requirements. 
If it is the intention that all the work in connection with the 
preparation of this camp is to be done under the supervision of the 
Quartermaster's Department, it will, to carry the work on prop- 
erly, expeditiously, and economically and employ all the laborers 
and teams that are to be hired by the day to best advantage, require at 
least the following personnel: 

Chief quartermaster , 1 

Assistant to chief quartermaster ~ 1 

Post quartermaster sergeants 4 

Civil engineer 1 

Superintendent of construction 1 

Rodman 1 

Clerks J 2 

Stenographer and typewriter 1 

Total 12 

The civil engineer would have to be on the ground constantly from 
the time work was begun on the wells this fall. In order to allow 
sufficient time for advertising, awarding contracts, etc., for material 
and labor, it would be necessary to establish an office in Gettysburg 
not later than March 15, 1913, and maintain the same until about 
July 15, 1913, but the entire personnel would probably not be required 
until about April 15, 1913. 

The cost of railroad fares from Washington, D. C, to Gettysburg on this 
account would probably amount to $112. 68 

Rent for suitable office rooms and for rooms for temporary quarters of per- 
sonnel while actually on duty at Gettysburg 1, 054. 00 

(o) Total 1, 166. 68 

On account of the great number and similarity of the tents and 
camp streets it would no doubt be very difficult for most of those 
assigned accommodation in the camps to find their particular tent, 
especially at night, unless the camp streets are plainly designated in 
some systematic way by suitable signboards, both at the head and 
foot of each street. It is estimated that suitable signs for this purpose 
would cost approximately (p) $200. 

LIGHTING. 

The estimate under camp equipage, etc., includes a sufficient num- 
ber of lanterns and necessary candles for same for equipping each tent 
with two, each large latrine with nine, each medium-size latrine with 
six, and each small-size latrine with three, but it is thought that for 
exterior lighting at least 500 75-candlepower tungsten lamps should 
be provided, same to be distributed along the principal camp streets. 
From information received from the manager of the local electric- 
lighting plant, it is thought that arrangements could be made with the 
company to temporarily install the necessary poles, wires, lamps, etc., 
and furnish the electric current at an estimated cost of about $6,000, 
all material used in connection therewith to remain the property of 
the company and to be removed at its own expense after the cele- 
bration. 

(q) Total for exterior lighting, $6,000. 



12 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 

SEWERAGE AND SANITATION. 

Because of the lack of sufficient water to properly flush a water- 
carrving sanitary sewer system, as well as the lack of a suitable site for 
the necessary outfall for such a sewer, the plans for the proposed 
camps were arranged to provide for latrines which are to be incin- 
erated at least once a day by burning out the trenches with straw 
saturated with coal oil. 

Complete working plans of the three sizes of latrines to be used are 
herewith and marked "D" and U E." From these plans it will be 
noted that the latrines proper are to be screened from view by a rough 
board inclosure about 6 feet high, above which is ample open space 
for ventilation, and covered with a roof to keep off the rain. The 
seats are completely inclosed down to the ground, and self-closing 
seat lids are provided to keep the flies from reaching the deposits. 
The entire seat box can easily be tipped over so as to completely 
uncover the trench under it for incineration. Urinals discharging 
into the trench are also provided. 

This system of latrines is practically the same as that used with 
excellent results in the large maneuver camp in Texas about a year ago. 

Estimated cost of latrines. 

77 large-size latrines, complete, including pits, at $185.94 $14, 317. 38 

7 medium-size latrines, complete, including pits, at $116.66 816. 62 

2 small-size latrines, complete, including pits, at $70.80 141. 60 

30,000 pounds straw for incinerating trenches 225. 00 

3,500 gallons mineral oil for incinerating trenches 525. 00 

30 barrels lime for disinfecting urinals 30. 00 

1,400 packages toilet paper ; 84. 00 

40 scavengers for incinerating pits 5 days, at $2 per day 400. 00 

4 teams for hauling straw and oil to latrines, 5 days, at $7 140. 00 

Removing of latrines and back-filling of trenches 600. 00 

(r) Total 17,279.60 

Kitchens. 

166 pits for disposal of liquid refuse, complete, at $6 $996 

16 teams for 6 days for hauling away garbage ' 672 

555 cords of wood, sawed and split for cooking, at $9 4, 995 

20 cords of wood for field bakery, at $8 160 

20 teams for 4 days to haul 575 cords of wood from railroad siding to kitchens, at $7 560 

(s) Total 7, 383 

Note.— Cans for the solid kitchen refuse are included in the estimate for policing. 

It is assumed that the meals will be served to the visitors in a 
manner similar to that used by the regular troops when in camp for 
short periods; that is, by having each man go to the kitchen with his 
mess kit to bo served there and dining in his tent or other convenient 
place. To bare included moss babies, benches, and mess shelter 
would not only have added at least $70,000 for framework, benches, 
tableSj etc., to the cost, but would have required at least 40 acres of 
additional suitable ground space for the camp sites, which is not 
available within easy reach of the railroads and the local transpor- 



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FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 13 

tation, and would, therefore, have necessitated the establishment of 
a third camp so far out as to make it difficult of access, both for the 
visitors and for the purpose of transporting the necessary supplies. 

HOSPITAL. 

. Based upon data obtained from the Surgeon General, the following 
should be provided for: (a) One field hospital, (b) three infirmaries, 
(c) one ambulance company. The field hospital will have a capacity 
of 108 beds, and this can be increased to 162 beds by utilizing the 
tent flies, there being included a sufficient amount of bedding for this 
number of patients. 

The personnel required for this hospital would be — 

Medical officers * 2 

Noncommissioned officers, Hospital Corps 9 

Cook 1 

Privates, Hospital Corps 26 

Total 38 

The weight of the equipment, necessary rations, and forage is esti- 
mated at 32,600 pounds, not including the 2 wagons and 8 animals. 

Each of the three infirmaries will have a capacity of 36 beds, making 
a total of 108 beds in addition to those in the field hospital. 

The personnel required for the infirmaries would be — 

Medical officers, 2 each infirmary 6 

Sergeants, Hospital Corps, 1 each infirmary 3 

Privates, Hospital Corps, 8 each infirmary 24 

Total 33 

The weight of the medical equipment for the three infirmaries is 
estimated at 5,700 pounds. 

The ambulance company will consist of the following: 

Equipment: 

Ambulances 12 

Wagons r 2 

Animals ^ 60 

Personnel : . 

Medical officers 2 

Noncommissioned officers, Hospital Corps 9 

Cook -. 1 

Privates, Hospital Corps 44 

Total 56 

The field hospital and the medical equipment for the infirmaries, would be 
shipped from Washington, D. C, and the cost of transportation both 

ways would amount to $393. 44 

Cost of transporting the personnel both ways would amount to approximately . 444. 46 
At the present time the nearest ambulance company is stationed at Fort 
Leavenworth, Kans., and to transport its personnel, equipment, and 
animals from there to Gettysburg and return would cost approximately. . 6, 097. 40 

(t) Total cost for railroad transportation 6, 935. 30 



14 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 

RAILROAD FACILITIES. 

Two railroads run into Gettysburg, Pa. — the Reading and the 
Western Maryland, both entering over single-track systems. Their 
combined track and yard facilities at that place are considered wholly 
inadequate for an occasion of this kind. 

The carrying capacity of both these roads with their present track 
and yard facilities at Gettysburg was inquired into. The general 
passenger agent of the Reading Railroad Co. stated that he thought 
his road could handle 8,000 passengers a day for a number of days, 
but could not state the exact number of days that he thought they 
could keep this up. The general passenger agent of the Western 
Maryland Railroad Co. stated in effect that he thought that his road 
could handle 10,000 passengers a da}', provided the entire number of 
visitors did not exceed 40,000. 

According to these estimates, both roads could handle 18,000 pas- 
sengers a day, or 40,000 in 2 days and 6 hours. Many of the 
veterans will undoubtedly be accompanied by members of their 
families, and if this should raise the number to be transported up to 
60,000, which it seems is not at all unlikely to happen, it would, on 

the same basis, require ' , or 3 days and 16 hours. 

lo,00U 

From this it would appear that, even if the attendance does not 
exceed 40,000, in order that the last may arrive before noon of the 
first day of the celebration, it would be absolutely necessary to have 
approximately 12,000 arrive June 29, 18,000 June 30, and 10,000 Jaly 
1 . And assuming that the return movement would begin as early as 
noon of July 4, then on this same basis the railroads could accom- 
modate approximately 8,000 on that day, 18,000 on July 5, leaving 
14,000 over for July 6. It can readily be seen what it would be if the 
number to be transported should reach 60,000 or over. 

However, that it would be utterly impossible for anyone to control 
the arrivals and departures as above outlined is self-evident. There- 
fore, with only single-track roads and limited yard facilities the result 
could be nothing short of a hopeless congestion, if not before, then 
surely during and for two or more days after the celebration. This 
would mean great inconvenience, discomfort, and actual hardship to 
many of the travelers. 

In the opinion of this office, the maximum capacit} 7- of these two 
railroads, with their present limited track facilities at Gett}~sburg, and 
operated as separate systems, is not over 13,000 passengers per day 
and that even this rate could not be maintained for a period exceeding 
two or three days. 

The onlv solution of this problem seems to be the creation of a 
provisional system for the occasion by combining certain portions of 
the Reading, the Western Maryland, and the Pennsylvania roads and 
temporarily placing the same under the absolute management of a 
competent railroad man. It would then be possible to concentrate 
all passengers arriving over the Pennsylvania or over the Reading 
from points north, east, and west at Harrisburg for transportation to 
Gettysburg by a provisional belt line to be operated over the Reading 
tracks from Harrisburg via Carlisle Junction to Gettysburg, over the 



FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, 15 

Western Maryland tracks from Gettysburg to York, and from York 
over the Penns}~lvania tracks back to Harrisburg. By such an 
arrangement all the trains would be moving in the same direction and 
could, therefore, be operated with safety under a minimum headway. 

All passengers over the Western Maryland from the west would, of 
course, be carried into Gettysburg direct, utilizing their yards at 
York or the track from Valley Junction to Hanover Junction, if 
necessary, for storing such coaches as it might be deemed necessary 
to hold over for the return movement. 

All trains of the Western Maryland from Baltimore to Gettysburg 
could be operated via Emory Grove, Xew Windsor, and Highfield, 
returning to Baltimore over the same tracks or via Valley Junction 
and Emory Grove. 

If so desired, for the return -movement the trains over the pro- 
visional belt line could all be run in the opposite direction. Of 
course, the details of operation would all have to be worked out by 
professional railroad men, but it is believed that only by creating a 
provisional system along similar lines will it be possible to handle 
the 40,000 or more passengers with any degree of safety, satisfaction, 
and comfort to the travelers and within a reasonable time. 

Such an arrangement would not, it is believed, require any addi- 
tional track construction on the part of any of these three roads, the 
extensive yard faculties of the Reading and Pennsylvania Railroads 
at Harrisburg could be used to good advantage for storing cars for 
the return movement, and, above all, it is thought it would make it 
possible if the necessity therefor arose for the railroads to handle at 
least 35,000 passengers within 17 hours with a fair probability that 
about 76.5 per cent of this number would be detrained at Gettysburg 
during daylight. 

If the trains were operated with an average headway of 12 minutes 
and on a basis of only 8 passenger coaches to the train, averaging 55 
passengers to the coach, in 17 hours it would be possible for the rail- 
road companies to handle ^ , or 37,400. Assuming that 

the traffic would not begin before 7 a. m., then at the above rate and 
before dark, about 8 p. m., or in 13 hours, out of the 37,400, 

^ , or 28,600 would arrive in Gettysburg during daylight. 

Then, too, out of every 24 hours there would be at least 7 hours 
during the night to operate freight trains to bring in such provi- 
sions and supplies for the town as may be necessary for the occasion. 
On account of the limited hotel accommodations in Gettysburg and 
because of the confusion that would be almost sure to result if an 
attempt were made to assign visitors to tents in camp at all hours of 
the night, it would be well to have the last train leave Harrisburg 
not later than 10 p. m. Passengers for the celebration arriving in 
Harrisburg after that time could be made much more comfortable 
there for the night and leave for Gettysburg on the early morning 
trains. 



16 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 

Recapitulation of expenditures involved. 

(a) Rental of land, etc $8, 231. 00 

(b) Water supply 43, 920. 00 

(c) Railroad transportation both ways, tentage 5, 957. 00 

{d) Purchase oi* hand basins and lantern candles 2, 600. 00 

{e) Railroad transportation both ways, camp equipment 9, 147. 10 

(/) Hauling tentage, pitching and striking camp 15, 870. 00 

(g) Hauling cooking outfits, etc , 1, 040. 00 

(h) Railroad transportation both ways, cooking outfits, etc 5, 642. 10 

(i) Hire of special peace officers 5, 600. 00 

(k) Labor and teams for policing camp 1, 540. 00 

(2) Railroad transporation both ways, necessary articles for policing camp. 255. 00 
(m) Railroad transportation both ways, guard with necessary field equip- 
ment 2, 668. 40 

(n) Wear and tear, loss and breakage, tentage and equipage 24, 063. 36 

(o) Railroad transportation both ways of office force, office rental, etc 1, 166. 68 

(p) Street signs L 200. 00 

(q) Exterior lighting 6, 000. 00 

(r) Latrines and care of same . 17, 279. 60 

(s) Disposal of kitchen refuse and wood for cooking 7, 383. 00 

(t) Railroad transportation both ways, hospital personnel and equipment. 6, 935. 30 

165, 498. 54 
Five per cent for contingencies I 8, 274. 93 

Total „ 173, 773. 47 

$173 773.47 
or a per capita cost of ^rfnoo^ — > or about $4.34£. 

, Since the above estimate provides that each visitor is to be fur- 
nished with a field cot, it was not deemed necessary to provide for 
flooring the tents, and this item was therefore omitted. If, how- 
ever, it is desired that the tents should be floored, it is estimated that 
the cost thereof will be as follows : 

5,318 floors in place for conical or pyramidal tents, at $13.50 .' $71, 793. 00 

74 floors in place for hospital tents, at $11 814. 00 

25 floors in place for wall tents, at $4 .50 112. 50 

Total 72, 719. 50 

which would bring the total cost up to $173,773. 47 plus $72,719.50, or $246,492.97, and 

,, • (l .. + + 1246,492.97 

would raise the per capita cost to —^f^ — , or about $6.16^. 

It is to be noted that none of the estimates herein contained 
include the cost of the rations, hire of cooks and cooks' helpers, nor 
the cooking and baking outfits to be provided, nor the knives, forks, 
spoons, plates and tincups for serving the rations, nor any other 
article or labor necessary in the preparation of the ration or in serving 
the same. All these, it is understood, are to be furnished by the 
Subsistence Department and included in the report and estimates of 
the Commissary General on this subject. The expenditures in con- 
nection therewith should, therefore, be added to the amounts herein 
stated to ascertain the total estimated cost of the proposed celebra- 
tion, us called for by Senate Concurrent Resolution 19, Union Calen- 
dar No. 137 (62d Cong., 2d seas.}. 

Respectfully, J. B. Aleshire, 

Quartermaster General, U. S. Army. 

o 



MAP OF THE 

BATTLEFIELD OF GETTYSBURG 



FHOM OKICINAI, SURVEYS DVT1IK KM.INKKRS OF Till: ro\l \ [ [ SSION 




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Pi • v n 1903 

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GETTYSBURG NATIONAL PARK COMMISSION 

Lt i o o n RNn ho son, Chairman 
Major William M Robbins M v ior C h*ri.es.\. Richardson 

I.t Toi. E B Cope. ENOINB1R 
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. 5A Hammond, 1903 



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